Effect of Community-Based Education to Foot Care Behavior among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Foot care behavior is a very important component in preventing diabetic foot. Patients with diabetes mellitus lack of knowledge and self-efficacy about foot care behavior so that the behavior of foot care less can be realized. The implementation of community-based foot care program for patients with diabetes mellitus directed to improve the behavior of the patient's foot care. Integrated community involvement in the program, so that patients have a social support system to perform foot care behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a community- based foot care programs to foot care of patients with diabetes mellitus. The research method using a quasiexperimental design used is a pre-test and post-test with control group design. A total of 37 patients as the intervention group and 42 patients as a control group purposively selected from the patient population highest Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in 10 Primary Health Care in Bandung. The intervention group received care educational program of cadres had been trained. Kader conduct health education and counseling in the intervention group in the first week and focus group discussion on the second and third weeks. Foot care measured by the modified NAFF (Nothingham Assessment of Functional Foot Care) that comprised six dimensions: foot inspection, foot hygiene, toenails care, footwear, and foot injuries and management of foot injury. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test.There are differences in the average foot care before and after community-based education program. The post-test foot care behavior in intervention group (M= 75.73, SD =11.46) was significantly higher compared to the pre- test score (M=44.19, SD 10.82). Meanwhile, in control group, there was a decreased of behavior scores at the pot test (pre test M=44.67, SD =12.56; post test M=46.19, SD=13.71). Foot Care educational-based program is expected to improve the behavior of foot care in patients with diabetes mellitus and lower the risk of diabetic foot. Nurses can integrate educational programs foot care based perkesmas program to the community in an effort to prevent the recurrence of diabetic foot.