Larvacidal effect of papaya leaf extracts (Carica papaya l.) toward the larvae of Anopheles aconitus donits mosquitoes as an effort to prevent malaria disease in Rural Areas of Southern Konawe

Abstract

The Provincial Health Office of Southeast Sulawesi in 2014 in Southeast Sulawesi stated that in South Konawe the case of malaria is still very high with the number of cases as many as 1,339 cases alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, and Tanins contained in leaves C. Papaya can be used as an An larvicidal. Aconitus causes malaria. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of papaya leaf extract (C. Papaya) as Larvasida to larvae of mosquito Anopheles aconitus with contact time 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours. This type of research is purely experimental with post test design only control group design. The sample is an An mosquito larvae Anopheles aconitus Instar III / IV of 25 in each of 4 treatment units and 1 control with 4 repetitions.The results showed that concentration of 0ppm (control), 125ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm, and 1000ppm, papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya L) respectively caused larvae deaths of 0%, 8%, 16%, 40%, and 56% for 24 hours treatment, and 0%, 16%, 28%, 68%, and 96%, for 36 hours of treatment. Result of probit test obtained value of LC50 and LC90 at 24 hours equal to 657,278 ppm and 1209,82 ppm. at 36 hours at 424,086 ppm and 837,754 ppm. Kruskall-wallis test results show p <0.05 so that it can be concluded there is a significant difference in the number of dead larvae between groups compared.The conclusion in this research is papaya leaf extract effective as larvasida to larvae of Anopheles aconitus.